Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium TTF-1 / NKX2.1 (Thyroid & Lung Epithelial Marker) (rNX2.1/690), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 40 kDa, identified as Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). TTF-1 is a member of the NKx2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It is expressed in epithelial cells of the thyroid gland and the lung. Nuclei from liver, stomach, pancreas, small intestine, colon, kidney, breast, skin, testes, pituitary, prostate, and adrenal glands are unreactive. Anti-TTF-1 is useful in differentiating primary adenocarcinoma of the lung from metastatic carcinomas originating in the breast, mediastinal germ cell tumors, and malignant mesothelioma. It can also be used to differentiate small cell lung carcinoma from lymphoid infiltrates. Loss of TTF-1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma has been associated with aggressive behavior of such neoplasms. TTF-1 reactivity is also seen in thyroid malignancies.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness
Biotium Cytokeratin 1 (Suprabasal Keratinocyte Marker)(LHK1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Keratins are a family of intermediate filament proteins that assemble into filaments through forming heterodimers of one type I keratin (keratins 9 to 23) and one type II keratin (keratins 1 to 8). Keratins demonstrate tissue and differentiation specific expression profiles. Cytokeratin 1 is a hetero-tetramer of two type I as well as two type II keratins, keratin-10 (KRT10). Keratin 1 is differentiation specific keratin that is one of the predominant keratins in suprabasal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia. Mutations in keratin 1 cause epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium TAG-72 / CA72.4 (Tumor-Associated Glycoprotein)(CA72/2869R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an oncofetal antigen of 220 kDa, identified as a tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) with properties of a mucin. This MAb defines the mucin-carried sialylated-Tn epitope. TAG-72 is usually expressed by adenocarcinomas, but is negative in mesotheliomas. Studies have reported that this antibody has 80% sensitivity and 93% specificity for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Therefore, TAG-72 is a useful marker to distinguish between mesothelioma and adenocarcinoma. However, false positive reactions can occur so results must be interpreted with the utmost caution. This antibody may be useful in the differentiation of non-small cell carcinomas from small cell carcinomas of the lung. The combined use of anti-TAG-72 and anti-GCDFP-15 is valuable in the diagnosis of apocrine carcinoma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluoresc
Biotium Cytokeratin, Multi (Epithelial Marker)(rKRT/457), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6. 0) subfamilies. This antibody recognizes acidic (Type I or LMW) and basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, including 59 kDa (CK4); 58 kDa (CK5); 56 kDa (CK6); 52 kDa (CK8); 56. 5 kDa (CK10); 53 kDa (CK13) and 45 kDa (CK18). This is a broad-spectrum antibody, which has been reported to differentiate epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium PAI-RBP1 / SERBP1 / SERPINE1(SERBP1/3491), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
PAI-RBP1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-binding protein), also known as SERBP1 (SERPINE1 mRNA-binding protein 1), CGI-55, CHD3IP (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3 interacting protein), HABP4L or PAI-RBP1, is a membrane-associated protein that localizes to the nucleus, the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. PAI-RBP1 is believed to play a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, as it specifically binds to the CRS (cyclic nucleotide-responsive sequence) motif of the PAI-1 mRNA and acts to stabilize the mRNA and regulate its expression. In addition, PAI-RBP1 interacts with Mi2- and may be involved in chromatin remodeling. PAI-RBP1 also interacts with PGRMC1 and participates in the transduction of Progesterone's antiapoptotic action in ovarian cell types. The gene encoding PAI-RBP1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, suggesting a possible role for PAI-RBP1 in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Primary antibodies are available purifie
Biotium Cyclin B1(CCNB1/1098), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 55-62 kDa, identified as cyclin B1. In mammals, cyclin B associates with inactive p34cdc2, which facilitates phosphorylation of p34cdc2 at aa 14Thr and 15Tyr. This maintains the inactive state until the end of G2-phase. The inactive cyclin B-p34cdc2 complex continues to accumulate in the cytoplasm until the completion of DNA synthesis, when Cdc25, a specific protein phosphatase, dephosphorylates aa 14Thr and 15Tyr of p34cdc2 rendering the complex active at the G2/M boundary. This mitotic kinase complex remains active until the metaphase/anaphase transition when cyclin B is degraded. This degradation process is ubiquitin-dependent and is necessary for the cell to exit mitosis. So, cyclin B-p34cdc2 plays a critical role in G2 to M transition.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dy
Biotium BCL10 (MALT-Lymphoma Marker)(151), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (BCL10) is a signaling protein that promotes apoptosis, pro-caspase-9 maturation, and activation of NF-kappa-B via NIK and IKK. BCL10 contains an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD), which is found in a number of apoptotic regulatory molecules. BCL10 is involved in the adaptive immune response, and may be an adapter protein between upstream TNFR1-TRADD-RIP complex and the downstream NIK-IKK-IKAP complex. A BCL10 translocation is recurrent in low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) / CD66 (C66/1983R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes proteins of 80-200 kDa, identified as different members of CEA family. CEA is synthesized during development in the fetal gut and is re-expressed in increased amounts in intestinal carcinomas and several other tumors. This MAb does not react with nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. It shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues and is suitable for staining of formalin/paraffin tissues. CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. Antibody to CEA is useful in detecting early foci of gastric carcinoma and in distinguishing pulmonary adenocarcinomas (60-70% are CEA ) from pleural mesotheliomas (rarely or weakly CEA ). Anti-CEA positivity is seen in adenocarcinomas from the lung, colon, stomach, esophagus, pancreas, gallbadder, urachus, salivary gland, ovary, and endocervix.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other la
Biotium BARX1 (Prognostic Biomarker in Hepatocellular Carcinoma)(BARX1/2760), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
BarX1 is a member of the Bar subclass of homeobox transcription factors. Studies of the Mouse and chick homolog suggest the encoded protein may play a role in developing teeth and craniofacial mesenchyme of neural crest origin. The protein may also be associated with differentiation of stomach epithelia. Down-regulation of Barx1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell (HCC) migration, invasion and metastasis, whereas up-regulation of Barx1 inhibits HCC migration, invasion and metastasis. The loss of Barx1 expression represents a prognostic biomarker in human HCC. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium MTAP (Tumor Suppressor Marker) (MTAP/1813), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes a protein of 31 kDa, which is identified as MTAP (5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase). It catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of methylthioadenosine, which is important in polyamine metabolism and for the salvage of adenine and methionine. The gene encoding MTAP is linked to the tumor suppressor gene, p16INK4A. Deficient levels of MTAP can occur in cancers primarily through co-deletion of the MTAP gene and the p16INK4A gene. Cells expressing MTAP and possessing adenine salvage pathway activity may be less susceptible to malignancy due to growth-inhibitory actions of agents (e.g. antifolates), whose mechanism of action, in part, involves this de novo purine pathway.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundanc
Biotium Cytokeratin, pan(KRTL/1077 + KRTH/1076), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Twenty human keratins are resolved with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis into acidic (pI 6.0) subfamilies. This antibody cocktail recognizes acidic (Type I or LMW) and basic (Type II or HMW) cytokeratins, which include CK1, CK3, CK4, CK5, CK6, CK8, CK10, CK14, CK15, CK16, and CK19. Many studies have shown the usefulness of keratins as markers in cancer research and tumor diagnosis. KRTL/KRTH is a broad spectrum anti pan-cytokeratin antibody cocktail, which differentiates epithelial tumors from non-epithelial tumors e.g. squamous vs. adenocarcinoma of the lung, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and esophageal cancer. It has been used to characterize the source of various neoplasms and to study the distribution of cytokeratin containing cells in epithelia during normal development and during the development of epithelial neoplasms. This antibody stains cytokeratins present in normal and abnormal human tissues and has shown high sensitivity in the recognition of epithelial cells and
Biotium Gastrin(GAST/2632), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Gastrin, is a hormone that normally formed by mucosal cells in the gastric antrum and by the D cells of the pancreatic islets. Its primary function is to stimulate secretion of HCl by the gastric mucosa. HCl, in turn, inhibits gastrin formation. It also responsible for stimulating smooth muscle contraction and increasing blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. Gastrin is regulated by epidermal growth factor in both mice and humans. Gastrin is excreted in excess by pancreatic tumors in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP) stimulates the release of gastrin as well as other gastrointestinal hormones and also acts as an autocrine growth factor for certain cell types. High levels of GRP are found in the human lung just after birth and levels decrease thereafter in parallel with the observed disease in a number of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. GRP is known to promote lung tumorigenesis in model systems. Primary antibodies are
Biotium STAT3 / Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (PCRP-STAT3-2F12), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The specificity of this monoclonal antibody to its intended target was validated by HuProt™ Array, containing more than 19,000, full-length human proteins. STAT3 is a member of the STAT protein family. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated through phosphorylation in response to various cytokines and growth factors including IFNs, EGF, IL5, IL6, HGF, LIF and BMP2. This protein mediates the expression of a variety of genes in response to cell stimuli, and thus plays a key role in many cellular processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. The small GTPase Rac1 has been shown to bind and regulate the activity of this protein. PIAS3 protein is a specific inhibitor of this protein.Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluoresce
Biotium Lactoylglutathione Lyase(CPTC-GLO1-1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
GLO1 is an enzyme involved in the detoxification of methylgyoxal, a byproduct of glycolysis. GLO1 expression has been demonstrated by several studies to be upregulated in various human malignant tumors, including metastatic melanoma and lung carcinoma, and thus is a target for pharmaceutical development. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin, Basic (Type II or HMW)(KRTH/2147R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This antibody recognizes CK1, CK5, CK10 and CK14. In normal epithelia, it stains stratified epithelia, myoepithelial cells and basal cells in the prostate gland and bronchi. This MAb shows no reactivity with hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, proximal renal tubules, or endometrial glands; there is no reactivity with cells derived from simple epithelia. Mesenchymal tumors, lymphomas, melanomas, neural tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors are negative with this antibody. It stains myoepithelial cells and has been shown to be useful in distinguishing prostate adenocarcinoma from benign prostate. This antibody has also been useful in separating benign from malignant intraductal breast proliferations. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, b